The purpose of this course is to offer an introduction on the various topics to prepare the student for an Increase in Scope to Oceans OICNW.  This includes the study of Aids to Navigation used in foreign waters, charts and publications used for planning routes across oceans, currents encountered in the ocean, celestial bodies, their locations and apparent motion relative to an observer on Earth, their components on the celestial sphere, concepts and use of time including predictions of celestial phenomena.  The course will encompass celestial theory derived from qualitative and quantitative analysis of the combined coordinate systems for reductions of celestial observations to lines of position.  Celestial observations will be used to determine compass error.  Studies will also involve practical application through the use of the sextant, azimuth ring, alidade, and other standard shipboard equipment and publications.